Fauxmage
01-24-2006, 12:15 PM
Ingredient Definitions
I have tried to be as accurate as possible while creating this list. However, if you notice any mistakes or if what you are looking for is missing from this list, then please contact me (http://www.thisiscool.org/vpeace/app?action=feedback).
Click here (http://www.veganpeace.com/nutrient_information/food_dictionary/food_dictionary.htm) for a list of food ingredients.
I would like to note that some substances in this list (even those marked as vegan) can be undesirable for use because of associated health problems.
(A) = Animal ingredient
(V) = Vegan ingredient (synthetic, vegetable or plant/mineral-derived)
(B) = Ingredient exists in both animal and vegan versions
A (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#A) B (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#B) C (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#C) D (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#D) E (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#E) F (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#F) G (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#G) H (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#H) I (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#I) K (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#K) L (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#L) M (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#M) N (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Natural) O (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#O) P (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#P) Q (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Q) R (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#R) S (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#S) T (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#T) U (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#U) V (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#V) W (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#W) X (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#X) E Numbers (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#E%20Numbers)
A
Acetate (B): Vitamin A (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20A)
Actinidin (V): enzyme derived from kiwi fruit used in the food industry.
Adrenaline (B): comes from the adrenal glands of hogs, cattle and sheep
Agar-agar (agar) (V): extracted from seaweeds
Albumen/Albumin (B): a group of simple proteins composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur that are soluble in water. Albumen is usually derived from eggwhites (ovalbumin), but can also be found in plasma (serum albumin), milk (lactalbumin) and vegetables and fruits.
Allantoin (B): can be extracted from urea (from the urine of most animals, including humans) or from herbs such as comfrey or uva ursi
Aloe Vera (V): A compound expressed from the leaf of the aloe plant.
Alpha hydroxy acids (B): naturally-occurring chemicals derived from fruit or milk
Ambergris (A): morbid concretion obtained from the intestine of the sperm whale
Amino acids (B): 'building blocks' of proteins
Amniotic fluid (A): fluid surrounding the fetus within the placenta
Amylase (B): enzyme derived from either animal (usually porcine pancreas), fungal, bacterial or plant source (barley malt).
Anchovy (A): small fish of the herring family
Angora (A): fiber obtained from rabbits or goats
Annatto (V): a vegetable dye from a tropical tree
Anthocyanins (V): water-soluble plant pigments
Arachidonic acid (A): liquid unsaturated fatty acid that can be found in the liver, brain, glands, and fat of animals
Artificial (B): product is made by humans from natural (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Natural) ingredients. Like synthetic (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Synthetic) products, it would not exist without human intervention.
Ascorbic Acid (V): a water-soluble vitamin found in vegetables and fruits or made synthetically
Aspartame (V): an artificial sweetener known as NutraSweet prepared from aspartic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Aspartic_Acid) and phenylalanine (vegan according to the NutraSweet Company)
Aspartic Acid (B): Aminosuccinate acid. An amino acid occurring in animals and plants. Usually synthesized from glutamate for commercial purposes.
Aspic (A): savory jelly derived from meat and fish
Astrakhan (A): skin of still born or very young lambs from a breed originating in Astrakhan, Russia
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B
Bee pollen (A): microsporic grains in seed plants gathered by bees then collected from the legs of bees
Beeswax (B): wax usually obtained from melting honeycomb with boiling water, straining it, and cooling it. Can be manufactured synthetically
Bone/Bonemeal (A): animal bone
Bone char(coal)/Boneblack (A): animal bone ash. Black residue from bones calcined in closed vessels. Used especially as a pigment or as a decolorizing absorbent in sugar manufacturing.
Bone phosphate (A): manufactured from animal bones
Brawn (A): boiled meat, ears and tongue of pig
Bristle (A): stiff animal hair, usually from pigs
Bromelain (V): enzyme derived from the fruit, stem and leaves of the pineapple plant
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C
Calcium Carbonate (B): tasteless, odorless powder that occurs naturally in marble, limestone, coral, eggshells, pearls or oyster shells
Calcium Lactate (B): the calcium salt of Lactic Acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactic%20acid)
Calcium Phosphate (B): (Monobasic, Dibasic and Tribasic) a mineral salt found in rocks and bones. Used as an anti-caking agent in cosmetics and food, mineral supplement, abrasive in toothpaste and jelling agent. Also known as calcium rock
Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate (B): the calcium salt of the stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid) ester of lactyl lactate
Candelilla wax (V): a vegetable wax obtained from candelilla plants
Capiz (A): shell
Carbamide (B): Urea (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Urea)
Carbon Black (B): Vegetable Carbon (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vegetable%20Carbon)
Carbonic Acid (V): a weak acid formed when carbon dioxide combines with water.
Carmine/Carminic acid (A):Cochineal (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Cochineal)
Carnauba wax (V): wax obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm
Carrageenan (V): extracted from various red algae and especially Irish Moss
Casein (A): milk protein
Cashmere (A): fine wool from the cashmere goat and wild goat of Tibet
Castor/Castoreum (A): Obtained from the anal scent gland of the beaver
Castor oil (V): A vegetable oil expressed from the castor bean.
Catalase (B): enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. It is derived from cattle liver or fungus and used in the food industry
Catgut (A): dried and twisted intestines of the sheep or horse
Caviar(e) (A): roe of the sturgeon and other fish
Cetyl alcohol (B): found in Spermaceti (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Spermaceti) or synthetic
Cetyl palmitate (B): Spermaceti (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Spermaceti), can be synthetic
Chalk (B):Calcium Carbonate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Carbonate)
Charcoal (B): charred bone or wood
Chitin (A): organic base of the hard parts of insects and crustacea e.g. shrimps, crabs
Chamois (A): soft leather from the skin of the chamois antelope, sheep, goats, deer etc.
Cholecalciferol (A): Vitamin D3 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20D3)
Cholesterol (A): a steroid alcohol occurring in all animal fats and oils, nervous tissue, egg yolk and blood.
Chymotrypsin (A): enzyme primarily derived from ox pancreas.
Civet (B): substance painfully scraped from glands in the anal pouch of the civet cat
Cochineal (Carmine, Carminic acid, Natural Red 4)(A): red pigment extracted from the crushed carcasses of the female cochineal insect, a cactus-feeding scale insect
Cod liver oil (A): oil extracted from the liver of cod and related fish
ColFloŽ 67 (V): modified food starch derived from waxy maize (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Waxy_maze). Used in frozen foods and canned products. Often labeled as 'Food Starch - Modified'
Collagen (A): constituent of connective tissue which yields gelatin on boiling
Colors/Dyes (B): Can be from plant, animal and synthetic sources
Coral (A): hard calcareous substance consisting of the continuous skeleton secreted by coelenterate polyps for their support and habitation
Cornstarch/Corn starch (V): starch (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Starch) derived from dried corn kernels
Corticosteroid/Cortisone (B): steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex and their synthetic analogs.
Cottonseed oil (V): fixed oil derived from the seeds of the cultivated varieties of the cotton plant
Curcumin (V): Colorant derived from turmeric (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Turmeric)
Cysteine, L-Form (B): amino acid that oxidizes to form cystine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Cystine)
Cystine (B): amino acid found in the hair protein keratin
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D
Dextrin (V): prepared by heating dry starch (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Starch) or starch treated with acids. Can be produced from the starch of corn, potatoes or rice
DiCalcium Phosphate (B): (Dibasic calcium phosphate, Dicalcium orthophosphate) the Dibasic form of calcium phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Phosphate).
Dihydroxyacetone (B): an emulsifier, humectant and fungicide which is obtained by the action of certain bacteria on glycerol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#glycerol)
Disodium inosinate (A): prepared from meat extract
Down (A): underplummage of fowls (especially duck and goose)
Duodenum substances (A): from the digestive tracts of cows and pigs. Can be found in vitamin tablets
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E
Elastin (A): protein uniting muscle fibers in meat
Enzymes (B): protein molecules produced by living cells. They act as catalysts in living organisms, regulating the rate of chemical reactions without being changed in the process. Enzymes can be derived from animals, plants, bacteria, fungi and yeast. Most industrial enzymes consist of a mixture of enzymes. Enzymes include actinidin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Actinidin), amylase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Amylase), bromelain (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Bromelain), catalase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Catalase), chymotrypsin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Chymotrypsin), ficin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Ficin), glucose isomerase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Glucose_isomerate), lactase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactase), lipase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lipase), lipoxygenase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lipoxygenase), papain (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Papain), rennet (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Rennet) and trypsin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Trypsin).
Ergocalciferol (B): Vitamin D2 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20D2)
Estrogen/Estradiol (A): from cow ovaries and pregnant mares' urine
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F
Fatty acids (B): organic compounds: saturated, polyunsaturated and unsaturated
FD&C Yellow 5 (V): Tartrazine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Tartrazine)
FD&C Yellow 6 (V): Monoazo (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Monoazo)
Feather (B): epidermal appendage of a bird
Felt (B): cloth made of wool, or of wool and fur or hair
Ferrous lactate (B): derived from the direct action of lactic acid on iron fillings or from the interaction of calcium lactate with ferrous sulfate
Ferrous Sulfate (V): an astringent iron salt obtained in green crystalline form. Used as an antiseptic in cosmetics and in treating anemia in medicine.
Ficin (V): enzyme derived from the latex of the fig tree
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G
Gelatin(e) (A): protein obtained by boiling animal tissues (skin, tendons, ligaments, etc.) or bones
Glucose isomerate (V): enzyme derived from the bacteria Streptomyces rubiginosus. It is used in the production of fructose syrups (including high fructose corn syrup) by changing glucose into fructose
Glycerin(e)/glycerol (B): a clear, colorless liquid which is a by-product of the soap-making process obtained by adding alkalies (solutions with a pH greater than 7) to fats and fixed oils. It may be derived from animal fats, synthesized from propylene or from fermentation of sugars. Vegetable glycerin is derived from vegetable fats.
Glycine (B): an amino acid, obtainable by hydrolysis of proteins
Guanine/Pearl Essence (A): obtained from scales of fish
Guar Gum (V): Gum made from ground guar seeds.
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H
Hide (A): animal skin (raw or tanned)
Honey (A): food made by bees to feed themselves
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I
Inositol (B): a sugar-like dietary supplement of the vitamin B complex. Unofficially referred to as vitamin B8. It is present in almost all plant and animal tissues. Commercially, it can be obtained from both animal and plant sources (especially corn).
Insulin (B): pancreas of cattle, sheep or pigs
Isinglass (A): very pure form of gelatin obtained from the air bladders of some freshwater fishes, especially the sturgeon
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K
Keratin (A): protein found in hair, hoofs, horns and feathers
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L
L-cysteine (B): derived from hair, both human and animal, or feathers. Can be synthetically produced from coal tar
L-cysteine hydrochloride (B): a compound produced from L-cysteine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#L-cysteine)
Lactic acid (B): acid produced by the fermentation of whey, cornstarch, potatoes and molasses.
Lactase (V): enzyme derived from fungus of yeast. It prevents lactose from being broken down into glucose and galactose. It is used in the dairy industry for people who are lactose intolerant
Lactose (A): milk sugar. A type of sugar only found in milk
Lanolin(e) (A): fat extracted from sheep's wool
Lard (A): fat surrounding the stomach and kidneys of the pig, sheep and cattle
Laurel (V): the fresh berries and leaf extract of the laurel tree
Lauric Acid (V): constituent of vegetable fats, especially coconut oil and laurel (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Laurel) oil. Derivatives are used as a base in the manufacture of soaps, detergents and lauryl alcohol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lauryl_Alcohol)
Lauryl Alcohol (V): compound usually produced from coconut oil (which is naturally high in lauric acid) or from a petroleum based version of lauric acid
Leather (A): tanned hide (mostly from cattle but also sheep, pigs and goats etc)
Lecithin (B): fatty substance found in nerve tissues, egg yolk, blood and other tissues. Mainly obtained commercially from soya bean, peanut and corn
Lipase (B): enzyme from the stomachs, tongue glands of calves, kids and lambs. Can also be from derived from plants, fungus or yeast. It breaks down fat to glycerol and fatty acids
Lipoxygenase (V): enzyme derived from soybeans. It catalyzes the oxidation reaction. It is used in the baking industry to make bread appear more white
Lutein (B): substance of deep yellow color found in egg yolk. Obtained commercially from marigold
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M
Maltodextrin (V): sugar obtained by hydrolysis of starch (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Starch)
Magnesium stearate (B): ester of magnesium & stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid)
Mohair (A): cloth or yarn made from the hair of the angora goat
Mannitol (Mannite) (V): obtained from the dried sap of the flowering ash or from seaweed
Milk Sugar (A): Lactose (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactose)
Mink oil (A): from minks
Modified (food) starch (V): starch (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Starch) which has been treated physically or chemically to modify one or more of its key physical or chemical properties. Physical modification can include drum-drying, extrusion, spray drying or heat/moisture treatment. Chemicals used to modify starch include propylene oxide, succinic anhydride, 1-octenyl succinic anhydride, aluminum sulfate or sodium hydroxide
Monoazo (Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6) (V): a synthetic coal tar and azo yellow dye
Monocalcium Phosphate (B): (Monobasic calcium phosphate, Monocalcium orthophosphate) The Monobasic form of calcium phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Phosphate).
Mono-Diglycerides (B): Emulsifying agents in puddings, ice cream, peanut butter, bread etc. Can be derived from plants (oils from corn, peanuts or soybeans) or animals (cows and hogs)
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) (V): produced from seaweed or by a bacterial fermentation process with molasses or starch (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Starch) and ammonium salts
Musk (B): substance secreted in a gland or sac by the male musk deer
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N
Natural (B): ingredients are not synthetic (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Synthetic) or artificial (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Artificial), but extracted directly from either plants or animal products
Natural flavor (B): flavor derived from spices, fruits, fruit juices, vegetables, vegetable juices, plant materials, meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, dairy products or their fermentation products. The significant function of a natural flavor is not nutritional but flavoring
Natural Red 4 (A):Cochineal (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Cochineal)
NutraSweet (V): Aspartame (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Aspartame)
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O
Oestrogen (B): female sex hormone from cow ovaries or pregnant mares' urine
Oleic acid (B): fatty acid occurring in animal and vegetable fats
Oleic alcohol (B): oleyl alcohol. A fatty alcohol derived from natural fats and oils, including beef fat and fish oil. It can also be manufactured from esters of oleic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Oleic%20acid).
Oleoic oil (A): liquid obtained from pressed tallow
Oleostearin (A): solid obtained from pressed tallow
Oleth-2 through 50 (B): polyethylene glycol ethers of oleic alcohol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Oleic_alcohol)
Orange Yellow S (V): Monoazo (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Monoazo)
Oxybenzone (V): derived from isopropanol, which is prepared from propylene, obtained in the cracking of petroleum
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P
Palmitate (B): salt or ester of palmitic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Palmitic%20acid)
Palmitic acid (B): fatty acid that occurs in palm oil and most other fats and oils
Panthenol/Dexpanthenol/Vitamin B Complex Factor (B): can come from animal, plant or synthetic sources
Papain (V): enzyme derived from the unripe fruit of the papaya plant. It is used for clearing beverages, added to farina to reduce cooking time and used medically to prevent adhesions
Paraffin (V): waxy substance obtained from distillates of wood, coal, petroleum, or shale oil
Parchment (B): skin of the sheep or goat, dressed and prepared for writing etc
Pearl (A): concretion of layers of pain-dulling nacre formed around a foreign particle within the shell of various bivalve molluscs, principally the oyster
PEG (B): PEG is the abbreviation of polyethylene glycol or polyoxyethylene glycol. They are polymeric forms of ethylene oxide. They can be either synthetic or derived from animal or vegetable sources.
Pepsin (A): enzyme found in gastric juices
Petroleum (V): an oily, flammable liquid composed of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons occurring in many places in the upper strata of the earth. A fossil fuel believed to have originated from both plant and animal sources millions of years ago.
Phosphoric Acid (V): an inorganic acid produced by reacting ground phosphate rock with sulfuric acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sulfuric%20Acid).
Placenta (A): organ by which the fetus is attached to the umbilical cord
Polyethylene (V): a product of petroleum gas or dehydration of alcohol
Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (B): produced from castor oil (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Castor%20oil) and glycerol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#glycerol) esters
Polysorbate 60 (B): a condensate of sorbitol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitol) with stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid)
Polysorbate 80 (B): a condensate of sorbitol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitol) and oleic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Oleic%20acid)
Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate (B): a mixture of stearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearate) and ethylene oxide
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (B): a mixture of stearate and ethylene oxide produced by a reaction of ethylene oxide with stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid)
Potassium Chloride (V): occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite and is found combined in many minerals and in brines and ocean water.
Potassium Hydroxide (V): obtained commercially from the electrolysis of potassium chloride (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Potassium_Chloride) solution
Potassium Lactate (B): the potassium salt of lactic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactic%20acid)
Potassium Sorbate (V): sorbic acid potassium salt. Manufactured by neutralisation of sorbic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbic%20acid) with potassium hydroxide (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Potassium_Hydroxide).
Progesterone (B): sex hormone
Propolis (A): bee glue. Used by bees to stop up crevices and fix combs to the hive
Propylene/propene (V): flammable gas obtained by cracking petroleum (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Petroleum).
Propylene Glycol (B): 1,2-propylene glycol; propane-1,2-diol. Manufactured by treating propylene with chlorinated water and treating it with sodium carbonate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Carbonate) solution or by heating glycerol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#glycerol) with sodium hydroxide (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Hydroxide) and distilling the mixture.
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Q
Quinoline Yellow (B): obtained by the interaction of aniline with acetaldehyde and formaldehyde or by distillation of coal tar, bones and alkaloids
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R
Rennet (B): extract of calf stomach. Can also be derived from bacteria and fungus. Contains the enzyme renin which clots milk
Reticulin (A): one of the structural elements (together with elastin and collagen) of skeletal muscle
Riboflavin (B): Vitamin B2 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20B2)
Riboflavin-5-Phosphate (B): A more soluble form of riboflavin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Riboflavin)
Roe (A): eggs obtained from the abdomen of slaughtered female fish
Royal jelly (A): food on which bee larvae are fed and which causes them to develop into queen bees
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S
Sable (A): fur from the sable marten, a small carnivorous mammal
Shellac (A): insect secretion
Silk (A): cloth made from the fiber produced by the larvae ('silk worm') of certain bombycine moths, the harvesting of which entails the destruction of the insect
Sodium Alginate (V): the sodium salt of alginic acid extracted from brown seaweed.
Sodium Bicarbonate/Baking Soda (V): bicarbonate of Soda
Sodium Carbonate (V): Soda Ash. A sodium salt of carbonic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Carbonic%20Acid).
Sodium Hydroxide (V): Caustic Soda. A water-soluble solid usually produced by processing salt water. It used to be obtained from the ashes of a certain kind of seaweed.
Sodium Lactate (B): the sodium salt of lactic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactic%20acid)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) (V): the sodium salt of sulfated ethoxylated lauryl alcohol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lauryl_Alcohol)
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) (V): prepared by sulfation of lauryl alcohol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lauryl_Alcohol) followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Carbonate)
Sodium Phosphate (mono-, di-, and tri-) (V): synthetic material generally prepared by the partial or total neutralization of phosphoric acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Phosphoric%20Acid) using sodium carbonate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Carbonate) or sodium hydroxide (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Hydroxide).
Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (B): prepared from lactic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactic%20acid) and fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
Sorbic acid (V): white powder obtained from fruit or produced synthetically
Sorbitan monolaurate (V):derived from raw materials of vegetable origin. Commercially known as Span 20
Sorbitan monostearate (B): manufactured by reacting stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid) with sorbitol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitol) to yield a mixture of esters. Commercially known as Span 60
Sorbitan monooleate (B): derived from animal or vegetable sources. Commercially know as Span 80. The vegetable derived version is know as Span 80V
Sorbitan monopalmitate (V): derived from raw materials of vegetable origin. Commercially know as Span 40
Sorbitan tristearate (B): derived from animal or vegetable sources. Commercially known as Span 65. The vegetable derived version is know as Span 65V
Sorbitan Trioleate (B): derived from animal or vegetable sources. Commercially know as Span 85. The vegetable derived version is known as Span 85V
Sorbitol (V): an alcohol derived from fruit like cherries, plums, pears, apples or from seaweed and algae
Sourdough starter (B): also known as "starter culture", "sourdough culture" or "sour culture". It is usually made with a mixture of flour and water inhabited by yeast and lactobacteria containing no animal ingredients. Sometimes yogurt is used in the starter. Bread made from a sourdough culture is called sourdough bread
Sperm oil (A): oil found in the head of the various species of whales
Spermaceti (A): fatty substance derived as a wax from the head of the sperm whale
Sponge (B): aquatic animal or colony of animals of a 'low order', characterized by a tough elastic skeleton of interlaced fibers
Squalene/squalane (B): found in the liver of the shark (and rats)
Starch (V): a complex carbohydrate found in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants such as corn, potatoes, wheat, beans and rice.
Stearate (B): salt of stearic acid
Stearic acid (B): fat from cows, sheep, dogs or cats. Can be obtained from vegetable sources
Stearin(e) (B): general name for the three glycerids (monostearin, distearin, tristearin). Formed by the combination of stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid) and glycerin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Glycerin), chiefly applied to tristearin, which is the main constituent of tallow or suet
Stearyl alcohol (B): prepared from sperm whale oil or vegetable sources
Stearyl tartrate (Stearyl palmityl tartrate)(B): made from stearyl alcohol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearyl%20alcohol) and tartaric acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Tartaric%20Acid)
Sucroglycerides (B): obtained by reacting sucrose with an edible fat or oil with or without the presence of a solvent
Suede (B): kid-, pig- or calf-skin tanned
Suet (B): solid fat prepared from the kidneys of cattle and sheep
Sugar (B): a sweet crystallizable material that consists wholly or essentially of sucrose. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane or sugar beet. Some cane sugars are processed through boneblack (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Boneblack)
Sulfur Dioxide (V): a toxic colorless gas formed primarily by the combustion of sulfur-containing material, like fossil fuels.
Sulfuric Acid (V): oil of vitriol. A highly corrosive acid usually produced from sulfur dioxide (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sulfur%20Dioxide).
Sunset Yellow FCF (V): Monoazo (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Monoazo)
Synthetic (V): ingredient is produced by chemical synthesis, which means that parts or elements are combined to form a whole. Unlike artificial (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Artificial) products, synthetic products are made from ingredients that do not occur (independently) in nature.
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T
Tallow (A): hard animal fat, especially that obtained from the parts about the kidneys of ruminating animals
Tartaric Acid (V): an organic acid present in many fruits, especially in grapes. Usually obtained as a byproduct of wine making.
Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow 5) (V): a synthetic yellow azo dye
Testosterone (B): male hormone
Tricalcium Phosphate (B): (Calcium phosphate, tribasic) The tribasic form of calcium phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Phosphate). Also known as calcium orthophosphate. Consists of a mixture of calcium phosphates.
Tocopherols (V): Vitamin E (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20E)
Trypsin (A): enzyme usually derived from porcine pancreas
Turmeric (V): an East Indian perennial herb
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U
Urea (B): waste nitrogen formed in the liver and excreted by the kidneys
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V
Vegetable Carbon (B):derived from either burnt vegetable matter, incomplete combustion of natural gas, activated charcoal, bones, blood, meat or various fats oils and resins
Vegetable Glycerin (V): Glycerin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Glycerin) derived from vegetable fats.
Vellum (B): fine parchment prepared from the skins of calves, lambs or kids
Velvet (B): fabric made usually of silk but also rayon or nylon
Vitamin A (retinol) (B): An aliphatic alcohol. Some possible sources are fish liver oil, egg yolks, butter, lemongrass, carrots or synthetics
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) (V): almost always produced synthetically
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin, Lactoflavin) (B): Produced synthetically or by a fermentation process with genetically modified Bacillus subtilis. Used as a food coloring or to fortify some foods.
Vitamin C (V): Ascorbic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Ascorbic%20Acid)
Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) (B): vitamin derived from animal fats or plant sterols
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) (A): vitamin derived from lanolin, milk, egg yolk, fish liver oil etc.
Vitamin E (V): natural-source vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) is obtained by distillation of vegetable oils (primarily from soya beans, rapeseed and sunflower); synthetic chemically manufactured vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol)is a mixture of eight diastereoisomers in equal proportions.
Volaise (A): ostrich meat
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W
Waxy maze (V): Corn starch. The sticky material from the inside of the corn kernel.
Whey (A): residue from milk after the removal of the casein and most of the fat. By-product of cheese making.
White Mineral Oil (V): obtained from petroleum (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Petroleum) and used in baked goods.
Wool (A): hair forming the fleecy coat of the domesticated sheep (and similar animals)
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X
Xanthan gum (corn sugar gum) (V): gum produced by the fermentation of corn sugar with a microbe called Xanthomonas campestris
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E Numbers
E100 (V): Curcumin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Curcumin)
E101 (B): Riboflavin, Vitamin B2 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20B2)
E101a (B): Riboflavin-5-Phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Riboflavin-5-Phosphate)
E102 (V): Tartrazine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Tartrazine), FD&C Yellow 5
E104 (B): Quinoline Yellow (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Quinoline%20Yellow)
E110 (V): Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6, Monoazo (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Monoazo)
E120 (A): Carminic acid, Carmine, Natural Red 4, Cochineal (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Cochineal)
E153 (B): Carbon Black, Vegetable Carbon (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vegetable%20Carbon)
E160a (B): Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Gamma-carotene. Can be made synthetically, but usually extracted from carrots. Gelatine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Gelatin) may be used as a stabiliser
E160b (V): Annatto (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Annatto), bixin, norbixin
E160c (V): Capsanthin, capsorubin, Paprika extract. Extracted from the fruit pod and seeds of the red pepper
E162 (V): Beetroot Red, Betanin. Natural extract from beetroot
E163 (V): Anthocyanins (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Anthocyanins)
E170 (B): Calcium Carbonate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Carbonate), Chalk
E200 (V): Sorbic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbic%20acid)
E202 (V): Potassium Sorbate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Potassium_Sorbate)
E270 (B): Lactic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactic%20acid)
E300 (V): Ascorbic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Ascorbic%20Acid), Vitamin C
E322 (B): Lecithin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lecithin)
E325 (B): Sodium Lactate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Lactate)
E326 (B): Potassium Lactate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Potassium%20Lactate)
E327 (B): Calcium Lactate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Lactate)
E341 (B): Calcium Phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Phosphate)
E406 (V): Agar, agar-agar (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Agar-agar)
E407 (V): Carrageenan (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Carrageenan)
E412 (V): Guar gum (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Guar%20Gum)
E415 (V): Xanthan gum (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Xanthan%20gum)
E420 (V): Sorbitol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitol)
E421 (V): Mannitol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Mannitol)
E422 (B): Glycerin(e), Glycerol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#glycerol)
E430 (B): Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Polyoxyethylene%20%288%29%20steara te)
E431 (B): Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Polyoxyethylene%20%2840%29%20stear ate)
E432 (B): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, Polysorbate 20
E433 (B): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, Polysorbate 80 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Polysorbate%2080)
E434 (B): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, Polysorbate 40
E435 (B): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, Polysorbate 60 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Polysorbate%2060)
E436 (B): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate, Polysorbate 65
E441 (A): Gelatine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Gelatin)
E470(a)(B): Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E470(b) (B): Magnesium salts of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E471 (B): Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids), Glyceryl monostearate, Glyceryl distearate
E472(a) (B): Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E472(b) (B): Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E472(c) (B): Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E472(d) (B): Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E472(e) (B): Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E472(f) (B): Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E473 (B): Sucrose esters of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E474 (B): Sucroglycerides (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sucroglycerides)
E475 (B): Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E476 (B): Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Polyglycerol%20polyricinoleate)
E477 (B): Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
478 (B): Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#glycerol) and propane-1
E479(b) (B): Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E481 (B): Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20stearoyl-2-lactylate)
E482 (B): Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20stearoyl-2-lactylate)
E483 (B): Stearyl tartrate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearyl%20tartrate)
E491 (B): Sorbitan monostearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitan%20monostearate)
E492 (B): Sorbitan tristearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitan%20tristearate)
E493 (V): Sorbitan monolaurate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitan%20monolaurate)
E494 (B): Sorbitan monooleate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitan%20monooleate)
E495 (V): Sorbitan monopalmitate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitan%20monopalmitate)
E508 (V): Potassium Chloride (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Potassium_Chloride)
E542 (A): Bone phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Bone%20phosphate)
E570 (B): Stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid)
E572 (B): Magnesium stearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Magnesium%20stearate), calcium stearate
E585 (B): Ferrous lactate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Ferrous%20lactate)
E621 (V): Monosodium glutamate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Monosodium%20glutamate) (MSG)
E631 (A): Disodium inosinate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Disodium%20inosinate)
E640 (B): Glycine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Glycine) and its sodium salt
E901 (B): Beeswax (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Beeswax)
E902 (V): Candelilla wax (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Candelilla%20wax)
E903 (V): Carnauba wax (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Carnauba%20wax)
E904 (A): Shellac (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Shellac)
E910 (B): L-cysteine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#L-cysteine)
E913 (A): Lanolin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lanolin)
E920 (B): L-cysteine hydrochloride (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#L-cysteine%20hydrochloride)
E1400 (V): Dextrin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Dextrin)
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Sources
A special thanks to the UK Vegan Society for allowing me to use their information on my site.
The Vegan Society (http://www.vegansociety.com/), determined to promote vegan lifestyles.
Hampton, Aubrey 'Natural Organic Hair and Skin Care', Organica Press, 1987.
Winters, Ruth M.S. 'Cosmetic Ingredients', Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1994.
Winters, Ruth M.S. 'Food Additives', Three Rivers Press, 1999.
I have tried to be as accurate as possible while creating this list. However, if you notice any mistakes or if what you are looking for is missing from this list, then please contact me (http://www.thisiscool.org/vpeace/app?action=feedback).
Click here (http://www.veganpeace.com/nutrient_information/food_dictionary/food_dictionary.htm) for a list of food ingredients.
I would like to note that some substances in this list (even those marked as vegan) can be undesirable for use because of associated health problems.
(A) = Animal ingredient
(V) = Vegan ingredient (synthetic, vegetable or plant/mineral-derived)
(B) = Ingredient exists in both animal and vegan versions
A (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#A) B (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#B) C (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#C) D (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#D) E (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#E) F (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#F) G (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#G) H (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#H) I (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#I) K (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#K) L (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#L) M (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#M) N (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Natural) O (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#O) P (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#P) Q (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Q) R (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#R) S (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#S) T (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#T) U (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#U) V (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#V) W (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#W) X (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#X) E Numbers (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#E%20Numbers)
A
Acetate (B): Vitamin A (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20A)
Actinidin (V): enzyme derived from kiwi fruit used in the food industry.
Adrenaline (B): comes from the adrenal glands of hogs, cattle and sheep
Agar-agar (agar) (V): extracted from seaweeds
Albumen/Albumin (B): a group of simple proteins composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur that are soluble in water. Albumen is usually derived from eggwhites (ovalbumin), but can also be found in plasma (serum albumin), milk (lactalbumin) and vegetables and fruits.
Allantoin (B): can be extracted from urea (from the urine of most animals, including humans) or from herbs such as comfrey or uva ursi
Aloe Vera (V): A compound expressed from the leaf of the aloe plant.
Alpha hydroxy acids (B): naturally-occurring chemicals derived from fruit or milk
Ambergris (A): morbid concretion obtained from the intestine of the sperm whale
Amino acids (B): 'building blocks' of proteins
Amniotic fluid (A): fluid surrounding the fetus within the placenta
Amylase (B): enzyme derived from either animal (usually porcine pancreas), fungal, bacterial or plant source (barley malt).
Anchovy (A): small fish of the herring family
Angora (A): fiber obtained from rabbits or goats
Annatto (V): a vegetable dye from a tropical tree
Anthocyanins (V): water-soluble plant pigments
Arachidonic acid (A): liquid unsaturated fatty acid that can be found in the liver, brain, glands, and fat of animals
Artificial (B): product is made by humans from natural (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Natural) ingredients. Like synthetic (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Synthetic) products, it would not exist without human intervention.
Ascorbic Acid (V): a water-soluble vitamin found in vegetables and fruits or made synthetically
Aspartame (V): an artificial sweetener known as NutraSweet prepared from aspartic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Aspartic_Acid) and phenylalanine (vegan according to the NutraSweet Company)
Aspartic Acid (B): Aminosuccinate acid. An amino acid occurring in animals and plants. Usually synthesized from glutamate for commercial purposes.
Aspic (A): savory jelly derived from meat and fish
Astrakhan (A): skin of still born or very young lambs from a breed originating in Astrakhan, Russia
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B
Bee pollen (A): microsporic grains in seed plants gathered by bees then collected from the legs of bees
Beeswax (B): wax usually obtained from melting honeycomb with boiling water, straining it, and cooling it. Can be manufactured synthetically
Bone/Bonemeal (A): animal bone
Bone char(coal)/Boneblack (A): animal bone ash. Black residue from bones calcined in closed vessels. Used especially as a pigment or as a decolorizing absorbent in sugar manufacturing.
Bone phosphate (A): manufactured from animal bones
Brawn (A): boiled meat, ears and tongue of pig
Bristle (A): stiff animal hair, usually from pigs
Bromelain (V): enzyme derived from the fruit, stem and leaves of the pineapple plant
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C
Calcium Carbonate (B): tasteless, odorless powder that occurs naturally in marble, limestone, coral, eggshells, pearls or oyster shells
Calcium Lactate (B): the calcium salt of Lactic Acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactic%20acid)
Calcium Phosphate (B): (Monobasic, Dibasic and Tribasic) a mineral salt found in rocks and bones. Used as an anti-caking agent in cosmetics and food, mineral supplement, abrasive in toothpaste and jelling agent. Also known as calcium rock
Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate (B): the calcium salt of the stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid) ester of lactyl lactate
Candelilla wax (V): a vegetable wax obtained from candelilla plants
Capiz (A): shell
Carbamide (B): Urea (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Urea)
Carbon Black (B): Vegetable Carbon (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vegetable%20Carbon)
Carbonic Acid (V): a weak acid formed when carbon dioxide combines with water.
Carmine/Carminic acid (A):Cochineal (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Cochineal)
Carnauba wax (V): wax obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm
Carrageenan (V): extracted from various red algae and especially Irish Moss
Casein (A): milk protein
Cashmere (A): fine wool from the cashmere goat and wild goat of Tibet
Castor/Castoreum (A): Obtained from the anal scent gland of the beaver
Castor oil (V): A vegetable oil expressed from the castor bean.
Catalase (B): enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. It is derived from cattle liver or fungus and used in the food industry
Catgut (A): dried and twisted intestines of the sheep or horse
Caviar(e) (A): roe of the sturgeon and other fish
Cetyl alcohol (B): found in Spermaceti (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Spermaceti) or synthetic
Cetyl palmitate (B): Spermaceti (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Spermaceti), can be synthetic
Chalk (B):Calcium Carbonate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Carbonate)
Charcoal (B): charred bone or wood
Chitin (A): organic base of the hard parts of insects and crustacea e.g. shrimps, crabs
Chamois (A): soft leather from the skin of the chamois antelope, sheep, goats, deer etc.
Cholecalciferol (A): Vitamin D3 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20D3)
Cholesterol (A): a steroid alcohol occurring in all animal fats and oils, nervous tissue, egg yolk and blood.
Chymotrypsin (A): enzyme primarily derived from ox pancreas.
Civet (B): substance painfully scraped from glands in the anal pouch of the civet cat
Cochineal (Carmine, Carminic acid, Natural Red 4)(A): red pigment extracted from the crushed carcasses of the female cochineal insect, a cactus-feeding scale insect
Cod liver oil (A): oil extracted from the liver of cod and related fish
ColFloŽ 67 (V): modified food starch derived from waxy maize (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Waxy_maze). Used in frozen foods and canned products. Often labeled as 'Food Starch - Modified'
Collagen (A): constituent of connective tissue which yields gelatin on boiling
Colors/Dyes (B): Can be from plant, animal and synthetic sources
Coral (A): hard calcareous substance consisting of the continuous skeleton secreted by coelenterate polyps for their support and habitation
Cornstarch/Corn starch (V): starch (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Starch) derived from dried corn kernels
Corticosteroid/Cortisone (B): steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex and their synthetic analogs.
Cottonseed oil (V): fixed oil derived from the seeds of the cultivated varieties of the cotton plant
Curcumin (V): Colorant derived from turmeric (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Turmeric)
Cysteine, L-Form (B): amino acid that oxidizes to form cystine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Cystine)
Cystine (B): amino acid found in the hair protein keratin
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D
Dextrin (V): prepared by heating dry starch (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Starch) or starch treated with acids. Can be produced from the starch of corn, potatoes or rice
DiCalcium Phosphate (B): (Dibasic calcium phosphate, Dicalcium orthophosphate) the Dibasic form of calcium phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Phosphate).
Dihydroxyacetone (B): an emulsifier, humectant and fungicide which is obtained by the action of certain bacteria on glycerol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#glycerol)
Disodium inosinate (A): prepared from meat extract
Down (A): underplummage of fowls (especially duck and goose)
Duodenum substances (A): from the digestive tracts of cows and pigs. Can be found in vitamin tablets
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E
Elastin (A): protein uniting muscle fibers in meat
Enzymes (B): protein molecules produced by living cells. They act as catalysts in living organisms, regulating the rate of chemical reactions without being changed in the process. Enzymes can be derived from animals, plants, bacteria, fungi and yeast. Most industrial enzymes consist of a mixture of enzymes. Enzymes include actinidin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Actinidin), amylase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Amylase), bromelain (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Bromelain), catalase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Catalase), chymotrypsin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Chymotrypsin), ficin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Ficin), glucose isomerase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Glucose_isomerate), lactase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactase), lipase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lipase), lipoxygenase (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lipoxygenase), papain (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Papain), rennet (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Rennet) and trypsin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Trypsin).
Ergocalciferol (B): Vitamin D2 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20D2)
Estrogen/Estradiol (A): from cow ovaries and pregnant mares' urine
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F
Fatty acids (B): organic compounds: saturated, polyunsaturated and unsaturated
FD&C Yellow 5 (V): Tartrazine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Tartrazine)
FD&C Yellow 6 (V): Monoazo (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Monoazo)
Feather (B): epidermal appendage of a bird
Felt (B): cloth made of wool, or of wool and fur or hair
Ferrous lactate (B): derived from the direct action of lactic acid on iron fillings or from the interaction of calcium lactate with ferrous sulfate
Ferrous Sulfate (V): an astringent iron salt obtained in green crystalline form. Used as an antiseptic in cosmetics and in treating anemia in medicine.
Ficin (V): enzyme derived from the latex of the fig tree
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G
Gelatin(e) (A): protein obtained by boiling animal tissues (skin, tendons, ligaments, etc.) or bones
Glucose isomerate (V): enzyme derived from the bacteria Streptomyces rubiginosus. It is used in the production of fructose syrups (including high fructose corn syrup) by changing glucose into fructose
Glycerin(e)/glycerol (B): a clear, colorless liquid which is a by-product of the soap-making process obtained by adding alkalies (solutions with a pH greater than 7) to fats and fixed oils. It may be derived from animal fats, synthesized from propylene or from fermentation of sugars. Vegetable glycerin is derived from vegetable fats.
Glycine (B): an amino acid, obtainable by hydrolysis of proteins
Guanine/Pearl Essence (A): obtained from scales of fish
Guar Gum (V): Gum made from ground guar seeds.
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H
Hide (A): animal skin (raw or tanned)
Honey (A): food made by bees to feed themselves
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I
Inositol (B): a sugar-like dietary supplement of the vitamin B complex. Unofficially referred to as vitamin B8. It is present in almost all plant and animal tissues. Commercially, it can be obtained from both animal and plant sources (especially corn).
Insulin (B): pancreas of cattle, sheep or pigs
Isinglass (A): very pure form of gelatin obtained from the air bladders of some freshwater fishes, especially the sturgeon
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K
Keratin (A): protein found in hair, hoofs, horns and feathers
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L
L-cysteine (B): derived from hair, both human and animal, or feathers. Can be synthetically produced from coal tar
L-cysteine hydrochloride (B): a compound produced from L-cysteine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#L-cysteine)
Lactic acid (B): acid produced by the fermentation of whey, cornstarch, potatoes and molasses.
Lactase (V): enzyme derived from fungus of yeast. It prevents lactose from being broken down into glucose and galactose. It is used in the dairy industry for people who are lactose intolerant
Lactose (A): milk sugar. A type of sugar only found in milk
Lanolin(e) (A): fat extracted from sheep's wool
Lard (A): fat surrounding the stomach and kidneys of the pig, sheep and cattle
Laurel (V): the fresh berries and leaf extract of the laurel tree
Lauric Acid (V): constituent of vegetable fats, especially coconut oil and laurel (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Laurel) oil. Derivatives are used as a base in the manufacture of soaps, detergents and lauryl alcohol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lauryl_Alcohol)
Lauryl Alcohol (V): compound usually produced from coconut oil (which is naturally high in lauric acid) or from a petroleum based version of lauric acid
Leather (A): tanned hide (mostly from cattle but also sheep, pigs and goats etc)
Lecithin (B): fatty substance found in nerve tissues, egg yolk, blood and other tissues. Mainly obtained commercially from soya bean, peanut and corn
Lipase (B): enzyme from the stomachs, tongue glands of calves, kids and lambs. Can also be from derived from plants, fungus or yeast. It breaks down fat to glycerol and fatty acids
Lipoxygenase (V): enzyme derived from soybeans. It catalyzes the oxidation reaction. It is used in the baking industry to make bread appear more white
Lutein (B): substance of deep yellow color found in egg yolk. Obtained commercially from marigold
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M
Maltodextrin (V): sugar obtained by hydrolysis of starch (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Starch)
Magnesium stearate (B): ester of magnesium & stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid)
Mohair (A): cloth or yarn made from the hair of the angora goat
Mannitol (Mannite) (V): obtained from the dried sap of the flowering ash or from seaweed
Milk Sugar (A): Lactose (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactose)
Mink oil (A): from minks
Modified (food) starch (V): starch (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Starch) which has been treated physically or chemically to modify one or more of its key physical or chemical properties. Physical modification can include drum-drying, extrusion, spray drying or heat/moisture treatment. Chemicals used to modify starch include propylene oxide, succinic anhydride, 1-octenyl succinic anhydride, aluminum sulfate or sodium hydroxide
Monoazo (Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6) (V): a synthetic coal tar and azo yellow dye
Monocalcium Phosphate (B): (Monobasic calcium phosphate, Monocalcium orthophosphate) The Monobasic form of calcium phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Phosphate).
Mono-Diglycerides (B): Emulsifying agents in puddings, ice cream, peanut butter, bread etc. Can be derived from plants (oils from corn, peanuts or soybeans) or animals (cows and hogs)
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) (V): produced from seaweed or by a bacterial fermentation process with molasses or starch (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Starch) and ammonium salts
Musk (B): substance secreted in a gland or sac by the male musk deer
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N
Natural (B): ingredients are not synthetic (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Synthetic) or artificial (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Artificial), but extracted directly from either plants or animal products
Natural flavor (B): flavor derived from spices, fruits, fruit juices, vegetables, vegetable juices, plant materials, meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, dairy products or their fermentation products. The significant function of a natural flavor is not nutritional but flavoring
Natural Red 4 (A):Cochineal (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Cochineal)
NutraSweet (V): Aspartame (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Aspartame)
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O
Oestrogen (B): female sex hormone from cow ovaries or pregnant mares' urine
Oleic acid (B): fatty acid occurring in animal and vegetable fats
Oleic alcohol (B): oleyl alcohol. A fatty alcohol derived from natural fats and oils, including beef fat and fish oil. It can also be manufactured from esters of oleic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Oleic%20acid).
Oleoic oil (A): liquid obtained from pressed tallow
Oleostearin (A): solid obtained from pressed tallow
Oleth-2 through 50 (B): polyethylene glycol ethers of oleic alcohol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Oleic_alcohol)
Orange Yellow S (V): Monoazo (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Monoazo)
Oxybenzone (V): derived from isopropanol, which is prepared from propylene, obtained in the cracking of petroleum
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P
Palmitate (B): salt or ester of palmitic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Palmitic%20acid)
Palmitic acid (B): fatty acid that occurs in palm oil and most other fats and oils
Panthenol/Dexpanthenol/Vitamin B Complex Factor (B): can come from animal, plant or synthetic sources
Papain (V): enzyme derived from the unripe fruit of the papaya plant. It is used for clearing beverages, added to farina to reduce cooking time and used medically to prevent adhesions
Paraffin (V): waxy substance obtained from distillates of wood, coal, petroleum, or shale oil
Parchment (B): skin of the sheep or goat, dressed and prepared for writing etc
Pearl (A): concretion of layers of pain-dulling nacre formed around a foreign particle within the shell of various bivalve molluscs, principally the oyster
PEG (B): PEG is the abbreviation of polyethylene glycol or polyoxyethylene glycol. They are polymeric forms of ethylene oxide. They can be either synthetic or derived from animal or vegetable sources.
Pepsin (A): enzyme found in gastric juices
Petroleum (V): an oily, flammable liquid composed of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons occurring in many places in the upper strata of the earth. A fossil fuel believed to have originated from both plant and animal sources millions of years ago.
Phosphoric Acid (V): an inorganic acid produced by reacting ground phosphate rock with sulfuric acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sulfuric%20Acid).
Placenta (A): organ by which the fetus is attached to the umbilical cord
Polyethylene (V): a product of petroleum gas or dehydration of alcohol
Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (B): produced from castor oil (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Castor%20oil) and glycerol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#glycerol) esters
Polysorbate 60 (B): a condensate of sorbitol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitol) with stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid)
Polysorbate 80 (B): a condensate of sorbitol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitol) and oleic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Oleic%20acid)
Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate (B): a mixture of stearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearate) and ethylene oxide
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (B): a mixture of stearate and ethylene oxide produced by a reaction of ethylene oxide with stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid)
Potassium Chloride (V): occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite and is found combined in many minerals and in brines and ocean water.
Potassium Hydroxide (V): obtained commercially from the electrolysis of potassium chloride (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Potassium_Chloride) solution
Potassium Lactate (B): the potassium salt of lactic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactic%20acid)
Potassium Sorbate (V): sorbic acid potassium salt. Manufactured by neutralisation of sorbic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbic%20acid) with potassium hydroxide (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Potassium_Hydroxide).
Progesterone (B): sex hormone
Propolis (A): bee glue. Used by bees to stop up crevices and fix combs to the hive
Propylene/propene (V): flammable gas obtained by cracking petroleum (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Petroleum).
Propylene Glycol (B): 1,2-propylene glycol; propane-1,2-diol. Manufactured by treating propylene with chlorinated water and treating it with sodium carbonate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Carbonate) solution or by heating glycerol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#glycerol) with sodium hydroxide (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Hydroxide) and distilling the mixture.
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Q
Quinoline Yellow (B): obtained by the interaction of aniline with acetaldehyde and formaldehyde or by distillation of coal tar, bones and alkaloids
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R
Rennet (B): extract of calf stomach. Can also be derived from bacteria and fungus. Contains the enzyme renin which clots milk
Reticulin (A): one of the structural elements (together with elastin and collagen) of skeletal muscle
Riboflavin (B): Vitamin B2 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20B2)
Riboflavin-5-Phosphate (B): A more soluble form of riboflavin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Riboflavin)
Roe (A): eggs obtained from the abdomen of slaughtered female fish
Royal jelly (A): food on which bee larvae are fed and which causes them to develop into queen bees
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S
Sable (A): fur from the sable marten, a small carnivorous mammal
Shellac (A): insect secretion
Silk (A): cloth made from the fiber produced by the larvae ('silk worm') of certain bombycine moths, the harvesting of which entails the destruction of the insect
Sodium Alginate (V): the sodium salt of alginic acid extracted from brown seaweed.
Sodium Bicarbonate/Baking Soda (V): bicarbonate of Soda
Sodium Carbonate (V): Soda Ash. A sodium salt of carbonic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Carbonic%20Acid).
Sodium Hydroxide (V): Caustic Soda. A water-soluble solid usually produced by processing salt water. It used to be obtained from the ashes of a certain kind of seaweed.
Sodium Lactate (B): the sodium salt of lactic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactic%20acid)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) (V): the sodium salt of sulfated ethoxylated lauryl alcohol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lauryl_Alcohol)
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) (V): prepared by sulfation of lauryl alcohol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lauryl_Alcohol) followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Carbonate)
Sodium Phosphate (mono-, di-, and tri-) (V): synthetic material generally prepared by the partial or total neutralization of phosphoric acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Phosphoric%20Acid) using sodium carbonate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Carbonate) or sodium hydroxide (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Hydroxide).
Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (B): prepared from lactic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactic%20acid) and fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
Sorbic acid (V): white powder obtained from fruit or produced synthetically
Sorbitan monolaurate (V):derived from raw materials of vegetable origin. Commercially known as Span 20
Sorbitan monostearate (B): manufactured by reacting stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid) with sorbitol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitol) to yield a mixture of esters. Commercially known as Span 60
Sorbitan monooleate (B): derived from animal or vegetable sources. Commercially know as Span 80. The vegetable derived version is know as Span 80V
Sorbitan monopalmitate (V): derived from raw materials of vegetable origin. Commercially know as Span 40
Sorbitan tristearate (B): derived from animal or vegetable sources. Commercially known as Span 65. The vegetable derived version is know as Span 65V
Sorbitan Trioleate (B): derived from animal or vegetable sources. Commercially know as Span 85. The vegetable derived version is known as Span 85V
Sorbitol (V): an alcohol derived from fruit like cherries, plums, pears, apples or from seaweed and algae
Sourdough starter (B): also known as "starter culture", "sourdough culture" or "sour culture". It is usually made with a mixture of flour and water inhabited by yeast and lactobacteria containing no animal ingredients. Sometimes yogurt is used in the starter. Bread made from a sourdough culture is called sourdough bread
Sperm oil (A): oil found in the head of the various species of whales
Spermaceti (A): fatty substance derived as a wax from the head of the sperm whale
Sponge (B): aquatic animal or colony of animals of a 'low order', characterized by a tough elastic skeleton of interlaced fibers
Squalene/squalane (B): found in the liver of the shark (and rats)
Starch (V): a complex carbohydrate found in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants such as corn, potatoes, wheat, beans and rice.
Stearate (B): salt of stearic acid
Stearic acid (B): fat from cows, sheep, dogs or cats. Can be obtained from vegetable sources
Stearin(e) (B): general name for the three glycerids (monostearin, distearin, tristearin). Formed by the combination of stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid) and glycerin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Glycerin), chiefly applied to tristearin, which is the main constituent of tallow or suet
Stearyl alcohol (B): prepared from sperm whale oil or vegetable sources
Stearyl tartrate (Stearyl palmityl tartrate)(B): made from stearyl alcohol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearyl%20alcohol) and tartaric acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Tartaric%20Acid)
Sucroglycerides (B): obtained by reacting sucrose with an edible fat or oil with or without the presence of a solvent
Suede (B): kid-, pig- or calf-skin tanned
Suet (B): solid fat prepared from the kidneys of cattle and sheep
Sugar (B): a sweet crystallizable material that consists wholly or essentially of sucrose. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane or sugar beet. Some cane sugars are processed through boneblack (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Boneblack)
Sulfur Dioxide (V): a toxic colorless gas formed primarily by the combustion of sulfur-containing material, like fossil fuels.
Sulfuric Acid (V): oil of vitriol. A highly corrosive acid usually produced from sulfur dioxide (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sulfur%20Dioxide).
Sunset Yellow FCF (V): Monoazo (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Monoazo)
Synthetic (V): ingredient is produced by chemical synthesis, which means that parts or elements are combined to form a whole. Unlike artificial (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Artificial) products, synthetic products are made from ingredients that do not occur (independently) in nature.
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T
Tallow (A): hard animal fat, especially that obtained from the parts about the kidneys of ruminating animals
Tartaric Acid (V): an organic acid present in many fruits, especially in grapes. Usually obtained as a byproduct of wine making.
Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow 5) (V): a synthetic yellow azo dye
Testosterone (B): male hormone
Tricalcium Phosphate (B): (Calcium phosphate, tribasic) The tribasic form of calcium phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Phosphate). Also known as calcium orthophosphate. Consists of a mixture of calcium phosphates.
Tocopherols (V): Vitamin E (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20E)
Trypsin (A): enzyme usually derived from porcine pancreas
Turmeric (V): an East Indian perennial herb
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U
Urea (B): waste nitrogen formed in the liver and excreted by the kidneys
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V
Vegetable Carbon (B):derived from either burnt vegetable matter, incomplete combustion of natural gas, activated charcoal, bones, blood, meat or various fats oils and resins
Vegetable Glycerin (V): Glycerin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Glycerin) derived from vegetable fats.
Vellum (B): fine parchment prepared from the skins of calves, lambs or kids
Velvet (B): fabric made usually of silk but also rayon or nylon
Vitamin A (retinol) (B): An aliphatic alcohol. Some possible sources are fish liver oil, egg yolks, butter, lemongrass, carrots or synthetics
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) (V): almost always produced synthetically
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin, Lactoflavin) (B): Produced synthetically or by a fermentation process with genetically modified Bacillus subtilis. Used as a food coloring or to fortify some foods.
Vitamin C (V): Ascorbic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Ascorbic%20Acid)
Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) (B): vitamin derived from animal fats or plant sterols
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) (A): vitamin derived from lanolin, milk, egg yolk, fish liver oil etc.
Vitamin E (V): natural-source vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) is obtained by distillation of vegetable oils (primarily from soya beans, rapeseed and sunflower); synthetic chemically manufactured vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol)is a mixture of eight diastereoisomers in equal proportions.
Volaise (A): ostrich meat
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W
Waxy maze (V): Corn starch. The sticky material from the inside of the corn kernel.
Whey (A): residue from milk after the removal of the casein and most of the fat. By-product of cheese making.
White Mineral Oil (V): obtained from petroleum (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Petroleum) and used in baked goods.
Wool (A): hair forming the fleecy coat of the domesticated sheep (and similar animals)
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X
Xanthan gum (corn sugar gum) (V): gum produced by the fermentation of corn sugar with a microbe called Xanthomonas campestris
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E Numbers
E100 (V): Curcumin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Curcumin)
E101 (B): Riboflavin, Vitamin B2 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vitamin%20B2)
E101a (B): Riboflavin-5-Phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Riboflavin-5-Phosphate)
E102 (V): Tartrazine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Tartrazine), FD&C Yellow 5
E104 (B): Quinoline Yellow (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Quinoline%20Yellow)
E110 (V): Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6, Monoazo (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Monoazo)
E120 (A): Carminic acid, Carmine, Natural Red 4, Cochineal (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Cochineal)
E153 (B): Carbon Black, Vegetable Carbon (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Vegetable%20Carbon)
E160a (B): Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Gamma-carotene. Can be made synthetically, but usually extracted from carrots. Gelatine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Gelatin) may be used as a stabiliser
E160b (V): Annatto (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Annatto), bixin, norbixin
E160c (V): Capsanthin, capsorubin, Paprika extract. Extracted from the fruit pod and seeds of the red pepper
E162 (V): Beetroot Red, Betanin. Natural extract from beetroot
E163 (V): Anthocyanins (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Anthocyanins)
E170 (B): Calcium Carbonate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Carbonate), Chalk
E200 (V): Sorbic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbic%20acid)
E202 (V): Potassium Sorbate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Potassium_Sorbate)
E270 (B): Lactic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lactic%20acid)
E300 (V): Ascorbic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Ascorbic%20Acid), Vitamin C
E322 (B): Lecithin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lecithin)
E325 (B): Sodium Lactate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20Lactate)
E326 (B): Potassium Lactate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Potassium%20Lactate)
E327 (B): Calcium Lactate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Lactate)
E341 (B): Calcium Phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20Phosphate)
E406 (V): Agar, agar-agar (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Agar-agar)
E407 (V): Carrageenan (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Carrageenan)
E412 (V): Guar gum (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Guar%20Gum)
E415 (V): Xanthan gum (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Xanthan%20gum)
E420 (V): Sorbitol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitol)
E421 (V): Mannitol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Mannitol)
E422 (B): Glycerin(e), Glycerol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#glycerol)
E430 (B): Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Polyoxyethylene%20%288%29%20steara te)
E431 (B): Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Polyoxyethylene%20%2840%29%20stear ate)
E432 (B): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, Polysorbate 20
E433 (B): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, Polysorbate 80 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Polysorbate%2080)
E434 (B): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, Polysorbate 40
E435 (B): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, Polysorbate 60 (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Polysorbate%2060)
E436 (B): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate, Polysorbate 65
E441 (A): Gelatine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Gelatin)
E470(a)(B): Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E470(b) (B): Magnesium salts of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E471 (B): Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids), Glyceryl monostearate, Glyceryl distearate
E472(a) (B): Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E472(b) (B): Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E472(c) (B): Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E472(d) (B): Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E472(e) (B): Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E472(f) (B): Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E473 (B): Sucrose esters of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E474 (B): Sucroglycerides (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sucroglycerides)
E475 (B): Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E476 (B): Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Polyglycerol%20polyricinoleate)
E477 (B): Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
478 (B): Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#glycerol) and propane-1
E479(b) (B): Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Fatty%20acids)
E481 (B): Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sodium%20stearoyl-2-lactylate)
E482 (B): Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Calcium%20stearoyl-2-lactylate)
E483 (B): Stearyl tartrate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearyl%20tartrate)
E491 (B): Sorbitan monostearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitan%20monostearate)
E492 (B): Sorbitan tristearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitan%20tristearate)
E493 (V): Sorbitan monolaurate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitan%20monolaurate)
E494 (B): Sorbitan monooleate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitan%20monooleate)
E495 (V): Sorbitan monopalmitate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Sorbitan%20monopalmitate)
E508 (V): Potassium Chloride (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Potassium_Chloride)
E542 (A): Bone phosphate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Bone%20phosphate)
E570 (B): Stearic acid (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Stearic%20acid)
E572 (B): Magnesium stearate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Magnesium%20stearate), calcium stearate
E585 (B): Ferrous lactate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Ferrous%20lactate)
E621 (V): Monosodium glutamate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Monosodium%20glutamate) (MSG)
E631 (A): Disodium inosinate (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Disodium%20inosinate)
E640 (B): Glycine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Glycine) and its sodium salt
E901 (B): Beeswax (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Beeswax)
E902 (V): Candelilla wax (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Candelilla%20wax)
E903 (V): Carnauba wax (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Carnauba%20wax)
E904 (A): Shellac (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Shellac)
E910 (B): L-cysteine (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#L-cysteine)
E913 (A): Lanolin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Lanolin)
E920 (B): L-cysteine hydrochloride (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#L-cysteine%20hydrochloride)
E1400 (V): Dextrin (http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm#Dextrin)
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Sources
A special thanks to the UK Vegan Society for allowing me to use their information on my site.
The Vegan Society (http://www.vegansociety.com/), determined to promote vegan lifestyles.
Hampton, Aubrey 'Natural Organic Hair and Skin Care', Organica Press, 1987.
Winters, Ruth M.S. 'Cosmetic Ingredients', Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1994.
Winters, Ruth M.S. 'Food Additives', Three Rivers Press, 1999.